ImPACT TEST References

These are my references I used for my research.

Chirinos, Christy Cabrera. “ImPACT testing comes to Broward.” McClatchy-Tribune Business News 1 Oct. 2009: n. pag. ProQuest Multiple Databases. Web. 3 Oct. 2011. <http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?RQT=318&pmid=42957&TS=1317666794&clientId=31810&VInst=PROD&VName=PQD&VType=PQD>. ImPACT testing comes to Broward is an article about a football player who suffers from numerous concussions. ImPACT helped doctors with measuring brain activity and function.

“Concussion Testing.” Dr.Maroon. Tri-State Neurosurgical Associates-UPMC, n.d. Web. 3 Oct. 2011. <http://www.josephmaroon.com/‌sports-medicine/‌impact>. Dr. Maroon is one of the creators of ImPACT testing and gives knowledgeable information regarding the program. Dr.Maroon gives detailed information of the background of ImPACT.

Fazio, Vanessa C, et al. “The relation between post concussion symptoms and neurocognitive performance in concussed athletes.” NeuroRehabilitation 22.3 (2007): 207-216. Physical Health Index. Web. 4 Oct. 2011. <http://csaweb108v.csa.com/‌ids70/‌view_record.php?id=3&recnum=1&log=from_res&SID=pr7casl8n217lqmve1a85h0q60&mark_id=search%3A3%3A86,0,2>. This journal article stated the importance of neurocognative testing before and after a concussion. The article also focused on the four main points of the test and the affects on the athlete.

Giger, Cory. “A big ImPACT: Concussion test aids in precaution.” Altoona Mirror. N.p., 28 Oct. 2010. Web. 4 Oct. 2011. <http://www.altoonamirror.com/‌page/‌content.detail/‌id/‌543710/‌A-big-ImPACT--Concussion-test-aids-in-precaution.html?nav=5017>. Altoona Mirror is an online blog website in Pennsylvania. This article focused on professional and nonprofessional athletes who have suffered with concussions. It describes the ImPACT testing and the history behind it.

“Overview and Features of the ImPACT Test.” ImPACT. ImPACT Applications Inc, 2011. Web. 2 Oct. 2011. <http://impacttest.com/‌about/‌background>. ImPACT’s official website giving full in-depth information about the product and its suppliers. ImPACT uses the website as a source of information for its consumers.

Schatz, Philip. “Long-Term Test-Retest Reliability of Baseline Cognitive Assessments Using ImPACT.” American Journal of Sports Medicine 38.1 (2010): 47. SPORTDiscus. Web. 4 Oct. 2011. <http://web.ebscohost.com/‌ehost/‌detail?vid=3&hid=112&sid=100cdcd3-3aa7-49b7-bbea-4afeb6f001be%40sessionmgr113&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ== - db=sph&AN=47812642>. This article focuses on the disadvantages of ImPACT. It also looked into the amount of time the test should be repeated. The time to repeat the baseline assessment depends on the sport and the age group of the athlete.

- - -. “Sensitivity and specificity of the ImPACT Test Battery for concussion in athletes.” Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 21.1 (2006): 91-99. ScienceDirect. Web. 4 Oct. 2011. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/‌science/‌article/‌pii/‌S0887617705001356>. This article gave a full detailed description of the ImPACT battery test. It showed numerous test and studies of concussed patients. Accurately shows details of the ImPACT test program.

Snyder, AR, et al. “Impact of Prior Concussions on Health-Related Quality of Life in Collegiate Athletes.” Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine 20.2 (2010): 86-91. Physical Education Index. Web. 4 Oct. 2011. <http://csaweb108v.csa.com/‌ids70/‌view_record.php?id=3&recnum=2&log=from_res&SID=pr7casl8n217lqmve1a85h0q60&mark_id=search%3A3%3A27,0,10>. The Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine focused on collegiate athletes and their history with concussions. It gave statistics and facts from athletes who have suffered concussions and have used the ImPACT test.

ImPACT Test: Advantages and DisAdvantages

ImPACT Test is a baseline test administered before and after an athlete receives a concussion. ImPACT Test evaluates the brain activity following a concussion and assist medical professionals with letting the athlete back to physical activity. Please comment based on your experience with ImPACT Test.


Advantages:

• ImPACT is a baseline test administered to all athletes before physical activity.
• ImPACT is available in fifteen different languages.
• ImPACT is a twenty minute test administered to schools, college sport teams, and professional sport teams.
• ImPACT test consist of three main parts a neuropsychological test, Post Concussion Symptom Scale, and demographic data.
• ImPACT is less expensive than a private neuropsychological test.

Disadvantages:

• Not all test administers are Medical Professionals. Coaches and Athletic Directors are able to administer the test after a short period of training.
• ImPACT test is a twenty minute test that determines if an athlete can return to play or not, this may be a disadvantage since it is not longer and more detailed.
• There are currently no guidelines for how often the baseline assessments should be updated. 
• There is also no computerized data documenting when the test is taken and should be retaken by the participant.
• There is still not a set standard of analyzing the information to tell whether or not the patient is concussed still or not and how long they should be out of physical activity.

(These are two videos that describe the significance of ImPACT Testing.)